الجمعة، 18 أبريل 2014

E vocabulary




Easternmost (adjective)
the farthest east of a boundary or territory.
On the easternmost edge of Colorado lies a Native American settlement.

Eccentricity (noun)
deviating from the normal or customary; peculiar behavior.
The high eccentricity of Mercury's orbit would produce very strange effects for an observer on Mercury's surface. At some longitudes the observer would see the Sun rise and then gradually increase in apparent size as it slowly moved toward the zenith.


Eclipse (verb)
to be greater or better than.
Albert Einstein eclipsed his predecessors with his revolutionary breakthroughs in relativity.

Echolocation (noun)
a process of locating distant or invisible objects by means of sound waves reflected back to the emitter (as a bat or a submarine) by the objects.
The biological sonar, or echolocation, of bats and a few other animals is one of nature’s great inventions.

Eerie (adjective)
of a mysteriously strange and usually frightening nature.
Movies also use conditioned stimuli such as darkness or eerie music to arouse the conditioned response of fear.

Efficiency (noun)
the power or capacity to produce a desired result.
Anyone who can read and write can improve the efficiency of their memory.

Eject (verb)
to throw out or off from within; to drive out especially by physical force.
Many scientists have thought for years that the moon was formed during the early days of the solar system when another planet collided with Earth, ejecting fragments of rocky material that condensed into Earth's only satellite.

Elaborate (adjective)
complexly detailed.
Our gut can best be described as a very elaborate food "disassemble" plant.

Elevate (verb)
to increase the level of something; to move something to a higher position.
Studies show an elevated (but so far not statistically significant) risk of lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers for most firefighters.

Elite (adjective)
relating to a group of persons who by virtue of position or education exercise much power or influence.

Early decision started at most elite colleges in the late 1990s as a way for top students to win admission to their first choice of college without having to go through the longer admissions process.

Eloquent (adjective)
vividly or movingly expressive or revealing; person marked by forceful and fluent expression.
Beecher, Henry Ward (1813-1887), the son of Lyman Beecher, was an eloquent, dramatic, and witty Protestant preacher.

Elusive (adjective)
characterized by or exhibiting evasion.
Since September 11, 2001, American military have been searching for the ever so elusive Osama bin Laden.

Emancipation (noun)
the state of not being in confinement or servitude.
One underlying cause of the Civil War was for the emancipation of all slaves in the South.

Embark (verb)
to go about the initial step in doing something.
When Mozart was 6, he and his older sister, Maria Anna, embarked on a series of concert tours to Europe's courts and major cities.

Embattle (verb)
being a site of battle, conflict, or controversy.
The embattled music industry disclosed aggressive plans Wednesday for an unprecedented escalation in its fight against Internet piracy, threatening to sue hundreds of individual computer users who illegally share music files online.

Embellish (verb)
to endow with beauty and elegance by way of a notable addition.
The success of the cold reading lies in the sitter embellishing selected statements from the reading, with details that make the generalizations appear more accurate than they are.

Embezzlement (noun)
to steal money entrusted to one’s care.
Dubbed the king of white collar crime, Mark Hansen was twice imprisoned for embezzlement.

Embrace (verb)
to encircle, to surround, or to enclose.
Western Diamondback Rattlesnake can be found over varied country, embracing the mountains up to altitudes of 8000 ft, the seacoasts levels, inland plains, desert areas.

Emerge (verb)
to begin to appear or develop.
To compete in the emerging global economy, city-states must mobilize all their skills to protect their center cities and train their workforce to excel in an increasingly competitive world marketplace.

Emission (noun)
discharged vapor or fumes.
In 1972 a law was passed to control the emission of coal into the atmosphere.

Emotionalism (noun)
an appeal to emotion, especially to sway an audience to some belief.
Although, from an early age, Martin Luther King resented religious emotionalism and questioned literal interpretations of scripture, he nevertheless greatly admired black social gospel proponents such as his father who saw the church as a instrument for
improving the lives of African Americans.

Empathetic (adjective)
characterized by the projection of one’s personality into the personality of another in order to understand the person better.
Murillo often chose models he felt had empathetic faces for his paintings.

Empirical (adjective)
based solely on experiment and observation rather than theory.
Cognitive Psychology is an empirical science and depends on careful experimental procedures and paradigms to test theories about these mental processes.

Enable (verb)
to give the means, ability, or opportunity to do something.
Sociological research influences the way we think about work and organizational life and enables us to discover new knowledge.

Enactment (noun)
the formal product or a legislative or judicial body.
Unlike other countries which have a nationwide policy, in the United States, the enactment and enforcement of motor vehicle regulation is done by the states.

Encase (verb)
to cover something completely; to enclose something.
Encased in a padded steel cocoon, most drivers are unhurt if they are wearing their seatbelts during the time of the collision.

Encroachment (noun)
the act of trespassing or intruding on the property of another.
From 1863 to 1868, the Sioux fought the army's encroachment.

Encrypt (verb)
to convert information from one system of communication into another; especially: to convert a message into code.
The function that fills in forms offers an option to store credit card numbers too, but the information is encrypted on the hard drive of a user's computer instead of Google's computers, for security and privacy reasons.

Endanger (verb)
to subject to danger or destruction.
Fires help habitats and are important to endangered species of animals that rely on these plants for survival.

Endogamy (noun)
The custom of marrying only within one’s group, clan, or tribe.
Data from the two locations of Stirling's ethnography show a uniform preference for marriage within the community as well as an interesting contrast in rates of endogamy.

Endure (verb)
to remain in existence or in a certain state for an indefinitely long time.
Some towns and schools are named after Oak trees, reminding Californians of things that are free and enduring.

Engage (verb)
to involve someone in an activity.
His concerts were a great success, and the emperor, Joseph II, encouraged him, later (1787) engaging him as court composer.

Engulf (verb)
to flow over completely.
At this point in its life, the Sun's envelope will expand to engulf all of the inner solar system out to Mars.

Enhance (verb)
to endow with beauty and elegance by way of a notable addition
Students are also expected to enhance the teaching, communication, and administrative skills he will need in his professional career.

Enlarge (verb)
to express at greater length or in detail; to make or become greater or larger.
City-states’ importance were enlarged through the 1990s by the rapid flowering of the Internet and the digital revolution.

Enlist (verb)
to become a member of.
After World War I and II, American women and children were enlisted to help in the war effort by collecting items of rubber and metal for recycling.

Enmity (noun)
positive, active, and typically mutual hatred or ill will.
Laboring to transform the dual Austro-Hungarian Monarchy into a triple monarchy including a Slavic kingdom under Croatian leadership, he won the enmity of both the Pan-Serbians and the Pan-Germans, and his support of the Christian Socialist campaign
for universal suffrage brought the hostility of the Hungarian magnates.

Enormous (adjective)
of extraordinary size and power.
The community consists of an enormous number of people of every conceivable age, race, religion, lifestyle, income, and opinion.

Enrage (verb)
full of or marked by extreme anger.
Enraged smaller birds are seen driving away larger birds that are trying to invade the smaller birds’ nests.

Enrich (verb)
to make rich or richer especially by the addition or increase of some desirable quality, attribute, or ingredient.
Parts of a gas centrifuge system for enriching uranium were dug up in Baghdad.

Ensemble (noun)
a group of musicians engaged in a performance.
An ensemble of violinists played at the wedding.

Ensue (verb)
to occur as a consequence.
A large battle ensued, but the Vikings were eventually able to resist the attack.

Enterprise (noun)
A commercial organization.
While healthcare strategies abound from diverse viewpoints and divergent professional groups, no one strategy has all the answers to reform the medical healthcare enterprise.

Enthrall (verb)
catching and holding the full attention
The journal of Lewis and Clark, which depicts their extraordinary journey of eight thousand miles, is enthralling reading today.

Enthusiast (noun)
one who is ardently attached to a cause, object, or pursuit; one who tends to become ardently absorbed in an interest.
At one time, spotting a cougar in the eastern U.S. ranked alongside an encounter with Bigfoot or a UFO. But over the years, the rise in cougar tales has sparked an interest in wildlife officials and cougar enthusiasts alike.

Entirety (noun)
an amount of quantity from which nothing is left out or held back.
Some mental illnesses are caused by severe abuse during childhood violence so extreme that the child cannot absorb the trauma in its entirety.

Entrap (verb)
to catch or control by a source of danger not easily foreseen and avoided.
Upon locating its food, the anteater entraps it with its sticky saliva, hence making sure that the nest is wiped clean.

Envision (verb)
to picture to oneself: think.
But scientists envision nonmilitary uses.

Envoy (noun)
a person delegated to represent one government in its dealings with another.
In April 1803, Napoleon Bonaparte negotiated the sale of the Louisiana Territory with the envoys of President Thomas Jefferson.

Eon (noun)
a long time
Collectively, these frozen archives give scientists unprecedented views of global climate over the eons.

Epicenter (noun)
the part of the earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.
Buildings from as far as 50 miles from the epicenter of the 7.9 earthquake suffered extensive damage.

Episode (noun)
something significant that happens
Most people have observed mild dissociative episodes in which they lose touch with their surroundings. Examples include daydreaming, highway hypnosis, or losing oneself in a movie or book.

Equation (noun)
statement that two mathematical expressions are equal.
Sucrose + H2O v Glucose + Fructose: We will need to remember that equation for the test.

Equidistant (adjective)
being the same distance as something else.
In the copper crystal the spheres are packed closely together in such a fashion that each atom has twelve equidistant neighbors.

Equilibrium (noun)
a stable state characterized by the cancellation of all forces by equal opposing forces.
The fusion process released tremendous amounts of heat and light which could then combat the compressing force of gravity; eventually, the two forces reached equilibrium.

Equip (verb)
to supply what is needed for some activity or purpose
To further their success, psychics must equip themselves with the fundamental knowledge regarding human nature that most of us do not normally appreciate.

Equivalent (adjective)
equal in force, amount, or value; also : equal in area or volume but not admitting of superposition; corresponding or virtually identical especially in effect or function.
"This is a boon to employers," said Ross Eisenbrey, policy director for the liberal Washington based think tank. "They'll be given a green light to exempt people (from overtime) whom Congress never intended to be treated as the equivalent of doctors and lawyers."

Erode (verb)
to consume gradually, as by chemical reaction, friction, etc.
Powerful waves caused by a storm off the coast of the Atlantic. Ocean eroded more than 150 miles of coastline.

Eruption (noun)
a sudden, violent explosion, as from a volcano.
The Indonesian volcano Toba blew its top in the largest volcanic eruption of the last half million years.

Essentially (adverb)
as an inborn and basic element.
Studies of lunar samples revealed that the interior of the Moon is essentially devoid of water, so no underground supplies could be used by lunar inhabitants.

Eternal (adjective)
existing or occurring without interruption or end.
It was not until the end of World War II that the eternal succession of international wars ceased in Europe.

Enterprise (noun)
a project or undertaking that is especially difficult, complicated,
or risky; a unit of economic organization or activity.
Over the last 125 years, scientific research and science-based technology have been the most profound agents of change in American life, and science has grown into a complex enterprise interwoven with all aspects of our culture.

Ethical (adjective)
involving or expressing moral approval or disapproval.
The American Medical Association (AMA) on Tuesday endorsed cloning for research purposes, saying it is medically ethical but allowing doctors who oppose the practice to refuse to perform it.

Ethnography (noun)
descriptive anthropology, which is the study of man in relation to distribution, origin, classification, and relationship to races, physical character, environmental and social relations and culture.
Data from the two locations of Sterling’s ethnography show a uniform preference for marriage within the community as well as an interesting contrast in rates of endogamy.

Entropic (verb)
rich in dissolved nutrients such as phosphates but often hallow and seasonally deficient in oxygen.
As a result of pollution, a lake can become entropic, hence making it distasteful and unhealthy.

Evaporate (verb)
to pass off as vapor by being heated.
There is a special critical initial strength such that the field cannot decide whether to evaporate away or collapse to form a black hole.

Excavate (verb)
to expose to view by or as if by digging away a covering.
Gold jewelry and other precious items recovered from royal tombs excavated at the ancient Assyrian capital of Nimrud.

Exceed (verb)
to go beyond the limits of.
The life span of five Western Diamondbacks at the San Diego Zoo has exceeded 15 yrs.

Excel (verb)
to be greater or better than.
Because to compete in the emerging global economy, city-states have no choice: they must mobilize all their skills to protect their center cities, grow smarter, protect their air and water, achieve more social equity, and train their workforce to excel in an increasingly competitive world marketplace.

Exceptional (adjective)
far above others in quality or excellence.
As the boycott continued during 1956, King gained national prominence as a result of his exceptional oratorical skills and personal courage.

Excess (adjective)
being more than is needed, desired, or appropriate.
Of 14 studies on the mortality of firefighters, 11 found excess risk for brain cancer.

Exclusively (adverb)
to the exclusion of any other possibility.
Kinesiology is a class exclusively for those majoring in Physical Education.

Exert (verb)
to bring to bear steadily or forcefully.
Athletes must not over exert themselves too much when stretching but instead they should let their flexibility increase over time.

Exhume (verb)
to take out of the grave or tomb.
The investigation calls for exhuming and testing the remains of Billy the Kid's mother and Ollie L. “Brushy Bill'' Roberts. Roberts, who died in 1950, swore he was William H. Bonney, the name most often given by the Kid as his real one.

Exhibition (noun)
an act of showing or displaying.
Many sculptures and paintings are on exhibition at the National Gallery of Art.

Expenditure (noun)
something spent to obtain a benefit or desired result.
Total healthcare expenditures can be very expensive.

Expectant (adjective)
expecting the birth of a child.
Putting bacteria back into the equation for expectant mothers and infants may help reduce the risk of developing eczema (or dermatitis, as it is sometimes called) well into childhood.

Explode (verb)
to come open or fly apart suddenly and violently, as from internal pressure.
In April 1986, Russia's nuclear power station at Chernobyl exploded, killing 250 people and sending radioactive fallout around the world.
Exploit (noun)
a great or heroic deed.
Given to reading books of chivalry, the protagonist Alonso Quijano, influenced by the exploits of his heroes, loses his mind and decides to become a knight, go out in search ofadventure and impose justice according to the code of the knights errant.

Exposure (noun)
the condition of being laid open to something undesirable or injurious.
General causes for primary brain cancer can include a prior head injury, infections, exposure to chemical toxins such as insecticides and fungicides and exposure to radiation such as microwave or radio frequencies.

Express (verb)
to convey in language or words of a particular form.
This led to a professor at Stanford University to multiply this ratio by 100 to express a child’s performance. He called this the intelligence quotient, or IQ.

Exquisite (adjective)
of such tasteful beauty as to elicit admiration.
Although the Neanderthal man was not yet fully human and although he had a brain volume larger than that of modern man, he made exquisite tools of stone.

Extirpate (verb)
to destroy completely, to wipe out.
The insecticides sprayed around the house have successfully extirpated the termite infestation.

Extol (verb)
to pay tributes or homage to; to honor (a diety) in religious worship.
Benjamin Franklin extols the virtues of honesty, integrity, high moral standard in some of his writings.

Extraordinary (adjective)
far beyond what is usual, normal, or customary.
Quincy Jones has won an extraordinary number of Grammy Awards both as musician and producer.

Extraneous (adjective)
not part of the essential nature of a thing; not relevant or
pertinent to the subject; not
applicable.
An essay with poor development, simplistic organization, and extraneous details will core 2.0 or lower on TOEFL iBT writing.

Eye-catching (adjective)
of such a character as to overwhelm.
At the performance, the jugglers made such an eye-catching performance that they were given a five minute standing ovation.

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